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The High Renaissance
 
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Giuliano da Sangallo

Antonio da Sangallo the Elder

Francesco da Sangallo

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger


 

THE SANGALLO FAMILY


Giuliano Giamberti da Sangalio (c.1443-1516), his brother Antonio the Elder (c.1453-1534), and their nephew Antonio the Younger (1484-1546) were among the most eminent architects of the Florentine Renaissance. Giuliano designed the church of Santa Maria delle Carceri at Prato (1485-92) and the Medici Villa at Poggio a Caiano (from 1480), while his brother created the church and fine palazzi at Monte-pulciano. Although trained in Florence, their nephew was mainly active in Rome, where he designed the Palazzo Farnese which was finished by Michelangelo.
 

Sangallo Family

Encyclopaedia Britannica


Outstanding family of Florentine Renaissance architects. Its most prominent members were: Antonio da Sangallo the Elder; his older brother Giuliano da Sangallo; Antonio (Giamberti) da Sangallo the Younger, the nephew of Giuliano and Antonio Sangallo the Elder; and Francesco da Sangallo, the son of Giuliano.

Giuliano da Sangallo (1445?–1516) was an architect, sculptor, and military engineer whose masterpiece, a church of Greek-cross plan, Sta. Maria delle Carceri in Prato (1485–91), was strongly influenced by Filippo Brunelleschi. It is the purest, most classic expression of that style of 15th-century architecture. Giuliano worked for the powerful Medici family in Florence and built their villa at Poggio a Caiano in 1485. As a military engineer he was effective in the defense of Florence against Naples in 1478. In Rome Giuliano worked on the design of St. Peter's, but he was overshadowed by Bramante. He designed influential facade projects for S. Lorenzo, Florence, in 1515–16.

Antonio da Sangallo the Elder (1455–1535), a military architect in his younger years, is best known for the major work of his life, the pilgrimage church of the Madonna di San Biago at Montepulciano, a tiny but important cultural centre of Tuscany. An ideal central-plan church (i.e., one symmetrical about a central point) of the High Renaissance, it also is a Greek-cross plan built of travertine and designed with three facades; the west tower was never completed, but the east tower stands, and, with the church placed on a peak overlooking the valley, it is a majestic sight.

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (1483–1546) was the most influential architect of his time. He arrived in Rome when he was about 20 and built a town house for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1513, and when the Cardinal became Pope Paul III, he had Antonio the Younger enlarge it into the most imporant palace in Rome, the Palazzo Farnese (1534–46). A fortress-like, 16th-century Florentine palace, this structure was representative of a type of building on which a code of academic rules was based, exercising an immense influence well into the 19th century. The inner court of the palace is entered through an arch entrance, and the carriageway, lined with Roman Doric order antique granite columns, is a superior design. Antonio borrowed from the ancient Roman architectural motifs from the Colosseum and the Theatre Marcellus, but Michelangelo made changes in them.

Throughout his career, Antonio worked on St. Peter's, first as Bramante's assistant and in 1520 as chief architect. His wooden model of St. Peter's (1539–46), commissioned by Pope Paul III, still stands in the Vatican Museum.

Francesco da Sangallo, known as Il Margotta (1494–1576), the son of Giuliano, was primarily a sculptor whose style was characterized by minute detailing. He sculpted the tomb of Bishop Marzi-Medici (1546) in the church of SS. Annunziata, Florence, as well as the tomb of Bishop Bonofede (1550) in the Certosa di Val d'Ema, near Florence.

Giuliano da Sangallo

Italian architect and sculptor (b. 1445, Firenze, d. 1516, Firenze)

     

 

Giuliano da Sangallo
Villa Medicea
1480-85
Poggio a Caiano, near Florence

Giuliano da Sangallo
Exterior of the church
begun 1485
Santa Maria delle Carceri, Prato

Giuliano da Sangallo
Tomb of Francesco Sassetti (detail)
1485-90
Pietra serena
S. Trinita, Florence
 

Antonio da Sangallo the Elder

(b Florence, c. 1460; d Florence, 27 Dec 1534).

Architect, woodworker, sculptor and engineer, brother of Giuliano da Sangallo. The earlier part of his career was overshadowed by that of his brother, with whom he ran a workshop in Florence for nearly 40 years until the latter’s death. Their first known work of collaboration is the Crucifix (1481) for the high altar of SS Annunziata, Florence. This was followed by a model (1482) for the church and monastery of the Badia, Florence, the seating (1487–8) in the refectory of S Pietro, Perugia, and a model (1491) for S Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi, Florence. Antonio was also active as a military engineer, occasionally representing his brother on the construction sites of fortifications. The first independent work attributed to him (c. 1490) is the Crucifix for the church of S Gallo (destr.), which is now kept in SS Annunziata, Florence.

Antonio da Sangallo the Elder
Church of San Blagio, Montepulciano
1518-45.

The elderly master translated the rationalism of 15th-century
architecture into a Bramante-style church.

Palazzo Farnese

Rome, important example of High Renaissance architecture designed by Antonio da Sangallo and built between 1517 and 1589. In 1546, when Sangallo died, leaving the building of the palace unfinished, Michelangelo was appointedby Pope Paul III, who was a member of the Farnese family, to complete the work.

Michelangelo is responsible for the balcony, the large coat of arms, the windows of the upper story, and the cornice of the main facade, as well as for the upper story of the cortile, or main courtyard, which is more Mannerist than High Renaissance in style. The interior is decorated with frescoes by Annibale Carracci. The palace now houses the French embassy.

Antonio da Sangallo the Elder
Farnese Palace
Rome, Italy
1534

This ceiling was designed by Leon Battista Alberti (1406-72)
and completed by Antonio da Sangallo the Elder (c. 1455-1534)
Santa Maria Maggiore

 

Francesco da Sangallo

(b 1 March 1494; d 17 Feb 1576).

Sculptor and architect, son of Giuliano da Sangallo. In 1504 he accompanied his father to Rome, where he was present with his father and Michelangelo in 1506 at the discovery of the Laokoon (now Rome, Vatican, Mus. Pio-Clementino;). This experience had a significant impact on the formation of his style, which was uncharacteristic among Italian 16th-century sculptors because of its physiognomic and textural realism and emotional expressionism. In the 1520s Francesco worked as an assistant to Michelangelo in the New Sacristy, S Lorenzo, Florence, for which he carved the marble friezes of decorative masks on the walls behind the sarcophagi (in situ). His earliest independent and dated work is the marble group of the Virgin and Child with St Anne (1522–6) in Orsanmichele, Florence. His subsequent Florentine works include an undated marble bust of Giovanni de’ Medici (Florence, Bargello), the marble tomb of the Abbess Colomba Ghezzi (commissioned 1540; Florence, Mus. Bardini), the marble funerary monument to Angelo Marzi, Bishop of Assisi (1546; Florence, SS Annunziata) and the marble monument of Paolo Giovio (1560) in the cloister of S Lorenzo (now Florence, Bib. Medicea-Laurenziana). There is also a self-portrait relief (1542) in S Maria Primerana at Fiesole. Francesco also worked in Loreto and Naples, collaborating with Niccolo Tribolo and Domenico Aimo from 1531 to 1533 on a relief of the Death of the Virgin for the Santa Casa, Loreto Cathedral, and with Matteo da Quaranta on the decoration (1546) of the Sanseverini Chapel in SS Severno e Sosio, Naples. As an architect, he worked on the fortifications of Prato and Pistoia in 1528 and at Fucecchio in 1530; after 1529 he served as the Capomaestro Generale of the fortifications of Florence. Around 1542 he was working in St Peter’s, Rome, either as a sculptor or an architect, and in 1543 he succeeded Baccio d’Agnolo as the Capomaestro of Florence Cathedral. He designed a campanile for Santa Croce, Florence, in 1549, but only the first storey was constructed (destr. 1854), and in the 1560s he provided the designs for the monumental altar tabernacles that formed part of Vasari’s renovation of the same church. Around this time he was also one of the founder-members of the Accademia del Disegno in Florence. His last known work is the marble portrait relief of Francesco del Fede (1575; Fiesole, S Maria Primerana). 

Francesco da Sangallo
Shrine of the Holy House

 

Francesco da Sangallo
Tomb of Bishop Angelo Marzi-Medici
Santissima Annunziata, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
1546

 

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

(1483–1546)
 

Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger
The Sala delle Fatiche d'Ercole
(Hall of the abours of Hercules)  

 

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
Sto. Spirito in Sassia
c. 1538

 

Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger
Facade of the Farnese Palace
1548