Mary Pickford
American actress
original name Gladys Mary Smith
born April 9, 1893, Toronto, Ont., Can.
died May 28, 1979, Santa Monica, Calif., U.S.
Canadian-born U.S. motion-picture actress, “America’s sweetheart” of the
silent screen, and one of the first film stars. At the height of her
career, she was one of the richest and most famous women in the United
States.
Gladys Mary Smith was the daughter of actors. Soon after the death of
her father she began taking child’s roles in productions in which her
mother was playing. She made her first stage appearance in a Toronto
stock company at the age of five. At eight she went on tour and within
10 years was playing on Broadway. From 1906 the family adopted the name
Pickford. She made her New York debut in David Belasco’s The Warrens of
Virginia in December 1907. At age 14 she had already learned more of
stagecraft than many older actors, and her winsome face, framed by a
mass of golden curls, made her appeal virtually irresistible.
Pickford began working as a motion-picture extra at D.W. Griffith’s
Biograph Studio, starring in his 1909 film The Lonely Villa. By 1913 she
had turned permanently to the screen, rising to first rank with Adolph
Zukor’s Famous Players Company. Her meteoric rise from an anonymous
player to a star with her own production company (Mary Pickford Studios,
created by Famous Players) was attributable not only to the phenomenal
popularity of her films but also to her dedication to her craft and her
meticulous care in creating quality entertainments. The ringleted
ingenue with an expression of sweet sincerity and invincible innocence
that she played in such silent films as Hearts Adrift (1914), Poor
Little Rich Girl (1917), Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917), and Johanna
Enlists (1918) enthralled audiences everywhere. She was known at first
as the “Biograph Girl with the Curls” and then as “Our Mary” when that
much of her name was revealed; with the release of Tess of the Storm
Country in 1914, she was firmly established as “America’s Sweetheart.”
In 1917 First National Films paid her $350,000 for each of three films,
including the very successful Daddy Long Legs (1919).
In 1919 Pickford took the lead in organizing the United Artists
Corporation with Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks. In
1920, after the dissolution of her first marriage (1911–19) to actor
Owen Moore, she married Fairbanks (divorced 1935). Pickford’s popularity
continued unabated in Pollyanna (1920), Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921),
Little Annie Rooney (1925), My Best Girl (1927), Coquette (1929; her
first talking picture, for which she won an Academy Award for best
actress), The Taming of the Shrew (1929; her only film with Fairbanks),
and Kiki (1931).
With Secrets (1933), her 194th film, Pickford retired from the
screen. Thereafter she devoted herself to United Artists, of which she
was first vice president from 1935 and for which she produced several
films. She also wrote Why Not Try God (1934), The Demi-Widow (1935), and
My Rendezvous with Life (1935), and in the 1930s she appeared on radio.
In 1937 she married actor Charles (“Buddy”) Rogers. Her later years were
spent on business and civic and charitable activities, and she
eventually became a recluse at Pickfair, the lavish estate she had built
with Fairbanks. Sunshine and Shadow, her autobiography, was published in
1955.
