(b Astrakhan, 7 March 1878; d Leningrad [now St
Petersburg], 26 May 1927).
Russian painter and stage designer. While studying at the Astrakhan
Theological School, he was impressed in 1887 by an exhibition of the
Russian Realist painters, the Wanderers, and he subsequently decided to
become a painter. In 1896 he enrolled at the Academy of Arts, St
Petersburg, where he studied with Il’ya Repin. In 1904 he studied briefly
in Paris under René Menard (1869–1930) and travelled to Spain, where he
especially admired the paintings of Diego Velázquez. Like Andrey
Ryabushkin before him, Kustodiyev concentrated on painting Russian
provincial festivities, as in Shrovetide (1916; St Petersburg, Rus.
Mus.). But in his paintings of the merchant class Kustodiyev added a new
note of satire. Using the bright reds and blues of Russian folk art, he
delighted in painting the merchants’ plump wives in their leisure
activities. One of his most striking images is Merchant’s Wife Drinking
Tea (1918; St Petersburg, Rus. Mus.), where the ample figure dominates
the tea table and the surrounding area by her bulk and her self-satisfied
expression. She is as round and as succulent as the fruit on the table.
This work, like many others, has an oriental richness of colour that
Kustodiyev saw as part of his Astrakhan heritage.
